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Motion Detection Capabilities in Video Security
In recent years, we all have noticed the security cameras at buildings like an airport or bank. Our society has become much more security conscious thanks to our War on Terror. The surveillance system in London has been the subject of numerous news stories on TV and the newspaper. Many cities in the U.S. are installing their own systems.
At one time, a computer was only needed by NASA or science fiction movies. Now a computer is nearly as common as a television. Likewise, Video security systems are becoming much more commonplace outside of the high-profile environments.
Video security systems have, like computers, become dramatically more efficient. One of the most important innovations is video motion detection. With this technology, each image received by the camera is processed by software and compared to the previous image. If the system detects changes that exceed the threshold (a parameter set by the user), the system implements the predefined action. The action could be simply that the video is saved, and/or a cell-phone text message or email is sent, or a relay is activated to turn on lights or an alarm.
Modern video motion detection systems are much more sophisticated than the motion sensors we know from burglar alarms. An important difference is that a video motion detector can be configured with variable sensitivity over the test area.
Areas of the image can be set as insensitive by excluding certain portions of the screen. For example, motion of specific objects that must be protected in an environment where other movement should be ignored can be performed (a painting surrounded by visitors in a museum). Another example is the monitoring of a parking lot surrounded by trees; the area of the image that encompasses the trees could be set off-limits, so that only vehicles and pedestrians activate the motion detection. It should be noted that outdoor monitoring is inherently more prone to false alarms than indoor monitoring. For example lightning in a thunderstorm will almost always cause the detection of motion.
During setup, the image is separated into grids (grid patterns of 100-500 zones are common). Programming is simple. A static image is displayed with a grid overlay. A mouse is used to select areas, and only the highlighted boxes are active. Each grid can be set with the appropriate sensitivity.
Time limits can be set so that the motion detection is not active until defined periods, and these periods can be different for each day of the week. This feature could be used for the monitor of a warehouse that is busy during the day, but is idle at night.
Photo by killiangsu
Because of advances in technology, systems that once seemed appropriate only for Mission Impossible movies, can be had by a small business or homeowner. Someday, these systems will be as commonplace as the old-fashioned burglar alarm is today.
The perception is that the United States has a much worse crime problem than other countries. This is not true. The overall crime rate in the United States is lower than in Britain and about the same as in Canada. That does not mean that we don't have a problem. Statistics show that a home burglary occurs in the U.S. every 15 seconds. A car is stolen every 25 seconds. Overall, a property crime occurs in the U.S. every 3 seconds (more than 10 million each year). Each person must decide for themselves how best to react to the threat.
Motion Detection Video Security Design Worksheet
About the Author
Brian Bradshaw is an InfoComm CTS, Microsoft MCTS, and CompTIA A+ technologist. He is General Manager of B.V. Technology Video Security in Plano, Texas.
Website: B.V. Technology
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